KIT Proto-oncogene Exon 8 Deletions at Codon 419 are Highly Frequent in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with Inv(16) in Indian Population

The KIT gene is a receptor tyrosine kinase class III expressed by early hematopoietic progenitor cells and plays a significant role in hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, differentiation and survival which is considered to be a remarkable feature in the course of growth of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Owing to insufficient study of mutations in the KIT gene, the diagnosis and rate of recurrence of these mutations with divergent subtypes in AML cases in India is of concern. In order to find out the frequency of mutations of KIT gene exon 8 in 109 AML cases, we have performed polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) followed by DNA sequencing and have identified 24 mutations in exon 8 in 13 cases, including deletions at codon 418 (n = 3), 419 (n = 11) and 420 (n = 5) as well as point mutations at codon 417 (n = 1) and 421 (n = 4). In eleven AML cases, exon 8 deletion and point mutations involved the loss at codon Asp419 immoderately conserved cross species placed in the receptor extracellular domain. Frequency elevation of the KIT proto-oncogene exon 8 deletion and point mutations in AML cases allude a crucial function for this region of the receptor extracellular domain. Thus, we report the incidence of acquired mutations in exon 8, with consistent loss at codon Asp419, in 10.09 % of AML cases in a selected Indian population.