Developmental change of protein constituents in chicken gizzards

Developmental change of protein constituents of chick gizzard smooth muscle was described by the fluorescent antibody technique and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Myosin heavy chain, tropomyosin, and desmin were immunohistologically detected in 5-day-old gizzard primordia, but myoglobin was detected after 19 days of incubation. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that most structural proteins including beta- and gamma-actin are synthesized almost simultaneously in the primordium, and accumulate in three patterns by which the proteins examined are classified: (1) gradually increasing protein (gamma-actin, tropomyosin, desmin), (2) abruptly increasing protein at a certain stage (myosin, myoglobin), (3) decreasing or constantly kept protein (tubulin, beta-actin). Based on the quantitative analysis of protein constituents, the nature of regulatory system of protein synthesis in smooth muscle and the possible functional difference between beta- and gamma-actin are discussed.