蚯蚓和铁处理对苹果根铁营养影响

试验于2007～2009年在河北省永年县曹庄村和中国农业大学曲周实验站进行。在苹果树根际用不同价态的2500、5000、10000、20000mg/kg的铁处理玉米秸秆后接种蚯蚓,研究蚯蚓和铁对苹果根系生长、蚯蚓对铁的富集转移及根质外体铁的影响。结果表明:蚯蚓对铁有很大的富集量,在20000mg/kg(试验所用最高浓度)二价铁和三价铁处理的秸秆中可以成活并把秸秆转化为蚯蚓粪,促进根系生长,提高根的质外体铁含量,蚯蚓对二价铁的适应性高于三价铁。蚯蚓可将有机物料中的铁转移到果树根系内,5000mg/kg铁处理增加蚯蚓体内Fe2+含量和根质外体铁含量效果最好,蚯蚓、蚯蚓粪和根中的全铁含量随铁处理浓度的增加而增加。铁显著促进果树根系生长,没有用铁处理过的秸秆接种蚯蚓诱导的新根量明显少于用铁处理的,两种不同价态的铁都是以5000mg/kg的新根量最多。蚯蚓显著促进根系生长,没有接种蚯蚓的处理新根量显著少于接种蚯蚓的处理。

Effect of treating with earthworm and iron on iron nutrition of apple roots

The experiment was carried out at Caozhuang Village of Yongnian County in Hebei Province and Quzhou Experiment Station of China Agricultural Univesity from 2007 to 2009.The rhizosphere of apple trees was applied earthworms inoculated by corn stalks treated with 2 500,5 000,10 000 and 20 000 mg/kg of iron and different valence iron,the 8-year-old Fuji apple trees was taken. Effect of earthworm and iron on the growth of apple roots,earthworm to iron riched,translocation and iron of root apoplast was researched. The experiment showed that earthworm could survive in the corn stalks treated with 20 000 mg/kg iron(tested by the highest concentration) and turned the straw into vermicast to promote root growth and improve the apoplast Fe content of apple roots,earthworm was more adaptive to the two-valent iron than three-valent iron. The earthworm could transfer iron from organic materiel to the roots of fruit trees,the best treatment about increasing Fe2+ content of earthworm tissue and the apoplast Fe content of roots was 5 000 mg/kg. The total iron content of earthworms,vermicast and roots was increased as the concentration of iron treatment increased. Iron significantly promoted root growth of apple trees .The number of new roots was significantly less in the vermicast that earthworm inoculated with no iron than in the vermicast using iron processing,the new roots was the most by 5 000 mg/kg treatment in two different valence of the iron. Earthworm significantly promoted the root to growth,the number of new roots was significantly less in the treatment with no inoculated earthworms than in the treatment which inoculated earthworms. The soil bulk density,soil pH,and pH value of the root apoplast and organic matter content in the soil were significantly improved by the iron and earthworms.