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Adenosine and blood platelets
Authors:Hillary A Johnston-Cox  Katya Ravid
Institution:(1) Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, and Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, CVI, 700 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA;
Abstract:Adenosine is an important regulatory metabolite and an inhibitor of platelet activation. Adenosine released from different cells or generated through the activity of cell-surface ectoenzymes exerts its effects through the binding of four different G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors. In platelets, binding of A2 subtypes (A2A or A2B) leads to consequent elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, an inhibitor of platelet activation. The significance of this ligand and its receptors for platelet activation is addressed in this review, including how adenosine metabolism and its A2 subtype receptors impact the expression and activity of adenosine diphosphate receptors. The expression of A2 adenosine receptors is induced by conditions such as oxidative stress, a hallmark of aging. The effect of adenosine receptors on platelet activation during aging is also discussed, as well as potential therapeutic applications.
Keywords:Adenosine  A2B adenosine receptor  A2A adenosine receptor  ADP-mediated platelet activation and aggregation  Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
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