Growth of the preimplantation embryo of the northern fur seal and its correlation with changes in uterine protein |
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| Authors: | J C Daniel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Diderot, UMR 7154, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France;2. Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France;3. Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands;4. Universidade de Brasilia, IG/GMP-ICC Centro, 70919-970, Brasilia-DF, Brazil;5. UMR 8148 GEOPS, Univ. Paris Sud-CNRS-Université, Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France;1. CETIM – Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques, 5, avenue Felix Louat – BP 80067, F 60304 Senlis Cedex, France;2. Mines Douai, Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering Department, 941 rue Charles Bourseul – CS 10838, F59508 Douai Cedex, France;3. Université Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France;1. Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China;3. Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Teachers College, Fuyang, China |
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| Abstract: | From samples collected during the period prior to implantation, the growth of the fur seal embryo is described and correlated with changes in the reproductive system of the mother and mitotic activity in the cells of the embryo. The embryo enters a “dormant” stage when it becomes a blastocyst and is not “reactivated” until almost 4 months later. During this time mitosis in the cells of the embryo occurs at a very low (mitotic index = 0.5% and is extraordinarily long (mitotic duration = about 9 hr) so that it takes 50–60 days for the cells to double their number. Activation occurs 1 to 2 weeks before implantation in November and is characterized by a dramatic increase in cell proliferation and overall expansion.In the mother, the corpus luteum increases in size during this time, presumably reflecting the increase in activity reported by others. The composition of the protein components of the uterine fluids changes both quantitatively and qualitatively with activation of the embryo and may result from the increased production of progesterone from the corpus luteum. The change is not related to overall size of the uterus because this does not increase until after implantation. |
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