胎儿生长受限模型及其胎盘的病理学观察

目的证实胎儿生长受限大鼠模型的建立方法;观察胎儿生长受限(FGR)大鼠胎盘的组织形态及超微结构特征。方法健康Wistar雌鼠24只,按妊娠先后顺序随机分为两组:正常对照组(正常组)、模型组(烟酒处理组),采用烟酒混合因素建立大鼠FGR模型;比较两组胎鼠的体重、鼻臀长度、体重系数及FGR发生率,两组胎盘组织行HE染色,并应用光镜和电镜观察其病理变化。结果①模型组胎仔平均体重、鼻臀长度、体重系数较正常组分别减轻46.0%、21.9%、35.0%(P0.01)。对照组FGR发生率仅为12.5%,模型组FGR发生率为79.3%,显著高于对照组(P0.01)。②模型组胎盘形态学明显改变。结论通过烟酒干预的方法,成功建立缺血缺氧性FGR孕鼠模型。烟酒可导致胎盘形态结构的改变,这种病理改变是造成FGR胎盘功能减退的形态学基础。

Pathological and Ultrastructural Changes of the Placenta in Rat Models of Fetal Growth Restriction

Objective To develop a rat model of fetal growth restriction （FGR）,and to investigate the effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on the placental histology and ultrastructure in rats with FGR.Methods Twenty four healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups,control and model groups,12 rats each.The FGR model rats were generated by passive smoking and alcohol gavage.The birth weight,body length and body weight index of the two groups were measured and compared.The tissue samples of the rat placenta were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Results In the experimental group,the body weight and body height were significantly lower than those of the control group （P0.05）.Evident placental morphologic changes occurred in the FGR rats.Conclusions By tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking,an animal FGR model has been successfully established in rats.This model is simple to develop and well reproducible,and provides a useful approach in FGR research.Smoking and drinking can result in characteristic structural changes in the placenta,indicating the hypofuction of placenta.