Lack of altitudinal trends in phytochemical constituents of Swertia franchetiana (Gentianaceae) |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-, Osaka, Japan;2. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kinki University School of Agriculture, Nara, Nara, Japan;3. Department of Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan;4. Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Kowakae, Higashi-, Osaka, Japan;5. Department of Natural Drugs Resources, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-, Osaka, Japan;6. Department of Pathology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Diverse biological characters commonly vary with altitude in species that have a wide altitudinal distribution, partly at least as a result of adaptation to differences in aridity, but whether such variation exists for phytochemical constituents remains unknown. Therefore, levels of seven important phytochemical constituents of Swertia franchetiana (swertiamarin, oleanolic acid, swertisin, mangiferin, 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone and 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone) were studied and statistically compared, using materials collected from sites ranging from 2200 to 3960 m in altitude. Swertiamarin was the most abundant in all samples, then mangiferin, oleanolic acid and the other three xanthones. Throughout the distributional range of this species, no altitudinal trend was detected for other constituents except 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which showed a negative correlation with altitude. However, the concentration of 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone and mangiferin showed a significantly latitudinal and longitudinal correlation. |
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