光合作用研究进展:从分子机理到绿色革命

根据国际科学期刊Nature,Science和PhotosynthesisResearch等近年发表的60多篇文献评论了过去5年来光合作用研究领域的研究进展.这篇评论由光合机构的精细结构与光合作用的反应机理、光合作用的调节机制与环境胁迫和光合机理知识的应用与绿色革命三部分组成.第一部分包括天线和反应中心的结构、放氧机理和ATP合成的分子机理;第二部分涉及二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶,光抑制,氧化还原调节和光合作用的高温抑制;第三部分讨论新绿色革命的特点和艰巨性,指出新绿色革命的中心问题是作物光合效率的改善,锐利武器是基因工程,新绿色革命的成功有赖于对光合作用的深入理解和分子生物学家、植物生理学家、生物化学家与农学家们的协同努力.

Progress in Photosynthesis Research: From Molecular Mechanisms to GreenRevolution

The progress in photosynthesis research for the past five years (1996 2000) is reviewed on the basis of more than 60 references including those from the author's laboratory. The review consists of three parts: the precise structure of the photosynthetic apparatus and reaction mechanisms of photosynthesis, the regulation mechanisms of photosynthesis and environmental stress, and the application of mechanistic knowledge of photosynthesis and Green Revolution. The first part covers the structure of antenna and reaction centers, the mechanism of oxygen evolution, and the molecular mechanism of ATP synthesis. The second part includes Rubisco, photoinhibition, the redox regulation, and high temperature inhibition of photosynthesis. The third part discusses the features and difficulties of the new Green Revolution. It is pointed out that the central objective of the new Green Revolution is the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency of crops, and gene engineering can be a sharp tool. The success of the revolution is dependent on the comprehensive understanding of photosynthesis and the cooperative efforts of the molecular biologists, plant physiologists, biochemists, and agronomists.