A study of factors that may influence the determination of copper, iron, and zinc in human milk during sampling and in sample individuals |
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Authors: | M Dolores Silvestre M Jesús Lagarda Rosaura Farré Cecilia Martínez-Costa Juan Brines Agustín Molina Gonzalo Clemente |
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Institution: | (1) Food Technology, San Pablo-CEU, Valencia, Spain;(2) Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain;(3) Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain;(4) Department of Statistics, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to establish the possible effects of the sampling protocol (between-breast, within-feed, and diurnal
differences) and the mother’s personal factors (age, parity, iron supple-mentation, smoking habits, and lactation period)
on the copper, iron, and zinc contents in human milk.
One hundred thirty-six human milk samples identified by their origin and sampling conditions were analyzed. The samples were
obtained from the 2nd to 15th d postpartum from 62 women. The data on the individuals required for the study were available.
Mineral determinations were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry following a standarized protocol.
The results showed that iron contents were higher in hind-milk samples and at the nighttime feeding and depended on the breast
from which the sample was taken. The copper and zinc concentrations showed no significant variations. There was no significant
relationship among the mothers’ age, parity, smoking habits, iron supplementation, and copper content. Milk from older women
had lower zinc contents than that of younger women. Increased amounts of iron were found in multiparous women. Between colostrum
and transitional milk, a sharp decrease in zinc content was observed, whereas copper and iron contents remained constant.
All of these results make it clear that standardized sampling protocols are needed in order to obtain comparable values. |
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Keywords: | Human milk mineral contents copper iron zinc feeding variations sampling protocol |
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