动物细胞培养用生物反应器及相关技术

动物细胞大量培养是生产生物制品的重要途径,它用到的关键设备是生物反应器。根据培养细胞、培养载体、培养液混合方式的不同,生物反应器主要有搅拌式、气升式、中空纤维式、回转式等,其中搅拌式规模最大。回转式是NASA于20世纪90年代中期开发的一种新型生物反应器,被誉为空间生物反应器,可用于组织工程研究。与生物反应器配套的技术主要有灌注、微载体、多孔微球、转入抗凋亡基因等,可以有效地提高细胞密度,增加生物制品产量,提高质量。今后生物反应器研制主要朝两个方向发展:一是,以高密度培养动物细胞生产蛋白质药物为目的,二是以三维培养动物细胞(主要是人类细胞)再生组织或器官为目的。

The Bioreactors for Cultivating Animal Cells and Its Related Techniques

Animal large scale culture using bioreactor as the main device is an important pathway to produces biologicals.According to the different modes that mix the cultivated cells with the cell carriers and the culture medium,modern bioreactors mainly include the stirred,the airlifted,the hollow fibered,the rotated,and so on.Of which,the stirred bioreactors have the largest culture volume.In the middle period of 1990s,the rotating wall vessel bioreactor(RWVB)that is a new type of cell cultivating device called space bioreactor was invented by NASA.RWVB could be applied for cultivating animal cells as well as tissue engineering.Meanwhile,the techniques related with bioreactors were also developed which involved in perfusion culture,microcarrier culture,porous microsphere culture,apoptosis inhibit culture,and so on.These measures and techniques were not only effectively improved the quantity and quality of protein medicines but also greatly increased the cultivating cell density.In future,there are two trends involved in animal cell bioreactor mainly.One is to revise the present bioreactors or develope new type of cell bioreactors for high density cultivating animal cells to produce high value protein medicines,the other is to develop tissue engineering bioreactors for three dimensional cultivating animal cells especially human cells to regrow tissue or organ.