Dancing with the sterols: Critical roles for ABCG1, ABCA1, miRNAs, and nuclear and cell surface receptors in controlling cellular sterol homeostasis |
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Authors: | Elizabeth J TarlingPeter A Edwards |
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Institution: | Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA |
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Abstract: | ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent a large and diverse family of proteins that transport specific substrates across a membrane. The importance of these transporters is illustrated by the finding that inactivating mutations within 17 different family members are known to lead to specific human diseases. Clinical data from humans and/or studies with mice lacking functional transporters indicate that ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG4, ABCG5 and ABCG8 are involved in cholesterol and/or phospholipid transport. This review discusses the multiple mechanisms that control cellular sterol homeostasis, including the roles of microRNAs, nuclear and cell surface receptors and ABC transporters, with particular emphasis on recent findings that have provided insights into the role(s) of ABCG1. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in High Density Lipoprotein Formation and Metabolism: A Tribute to John F. Oram (1945-2010). |
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Keywords: | ABC ATP Binding Cassette AICAR Aminoimidazole Carboxamide Ribonucleotide ApoE Apolipoprotein E ApoER2 ApoE receptor 2 (LRP8) AR Androgen Receptor BAC Bacterial Artificial Chromosome CETP Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein eNOS endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ER Estrogen Receptor FXR Farnesoid X Receptor GPS2 G protein pathway suppressor GR Glucocorticoid Receptor HDL High Density Lipoprotein HETE Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid HMG-CoA 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA ICAM-1 Inter-cellular Adhesion Molecule 1 IDOL Inducible Degrader of the LDL Receptor IL6/IL8 Interleukin 6/8 INSIG Insulin Induced Gene LDL Low Density Lipoprotein LDLR Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor LRP8 LDLR-related protein 8 LXR Liver X Receptor MCP-1 Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 MR Mineralocorticoid Receptor NPC1 Niemann Pick C Type I NPC2 Niemann Pick C Type II PCSK9 Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 PR Progesterone Receptor PXR Pregnane X Receptor RXR Retinoid X Receptor SCAP SREBP Cleavage-activating Protein SR-B1 Scavenger Receptor B1 SREBP Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4 TNFα Tumor necrosis factor α VDR Vitamin D Receptor |
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