Induced plasmon mutations affecting the growth habit of peanuts, A. hypogaea L. |
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Authors: | A Levy A Ashri |
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Institution: | The Hebrew University, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel |
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Abstract: | The effectiveness of the acridines ethidium bromide (EB) and acriflavine in inducing plasmon mutations was compared with the alkylating agents ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and diethyl sulphate and to γ-rays. The growth habit (trailing versus bunch) of peanuts (A. hypogaea), controlled by geniccytoplasmic interactions, was utilized. Breeding tests distinguishing nuclear from plasmon mutations were developed and are described in detail. Plasmon mutations were induced, but there were differences in mutation yields between the cultivars and the mutagens.In the trailing line, TBRV4], 135 independent bunch mutations (in 1804 M2 families) were recovered: 28 bred true while 97 continued to segregate into M3 and M4. Of the 28, 14 were nuclear from an Hb to an hb allele while 14 were in the plasmon. Of the latter, 6 were induced by EMS, 7 by γ-rays and 1 by acriflavine. Somatic segregation of heteroplasmons, i.e. more plasmon mutations, could be responsible for many of the mutations that continued to segregate, but in some cases chromosomal aberrations might be involved.In the bunch cultivars there were 32 independent trailing mutations (in 3895 M2 families), one bred true for trailing, while the others continued to segregate into M3 and M4. Plasmon mutations could not be ascertained because of the continuing segregations, but these mutations manifested sorting out of heteroplasmons. |
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Keywords: | DA Dixie Anak V4 Virginia Bet-Dagan No 4 S9 Sepharadi No 9 TBR[V4] True Breeding Runner [V4] Acr acriflavine DES diethyl sulphate EB ethidium bromide EMS ethyl methane sulphonate Plasmons [O] “others” [V4] “V4” |
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