Transformation of colonial Escherichia coli on solid media

We report that colonial Escherichia coli cells on various solid media can develop modest genetic competence. Using an on-filter culture system, we found that E. coli colonies on CaCl2-containing agar were transformed in the presence of plasmid DNA. Interestingly, transformation also occurred on LB-agar, various moist foods and even on H2O-agar. These results suggest that some populations of colonial E. coli in various environments could become transformable regardless of the surrounding Ca2+ concentration.