多种植物提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜的拒食活性研究

采用改进的蜜露色斑法 ,测试 34种植物乙醇提取物 (0 0 1g干重·mL-1,0 0 1gDW·mL-1)和几种天然源药剂对桃蚜Myzuspersicae(Sulzer)和萝卜蚜Lipaphiserysimi(Kaltenbach)取食的影响。结果表明 ,白蝴蝶Syngonium podophyllumSchott.、苍耳XanthiumsibiricumPrtr.etWidd、白花非洲山毛豆Tephrosiavo gelliHook .的提取物对两种蚜虫的活性均较高 ,2 4h对桃蚜的拒食率分别达 0 6 82、0 6 2 9和 0 80 6 ,对萝卜蚜的拒食率分别为 0 4 0 5、0 370和 0 383,与对照之间差异极显著 ;油茶Camelliaoleifera和花椒Zanthoxylumschinifolium的提取物拒食作用亦较强 ,2 4h对桃蚜的拒食率分别为 0 5 5 2和 0 5 14 ,对萝卜蚜的拒食率分别为 0 5 70和 0 5 18。三种药剂 (0 3%印楝素乳油、鱼藤酮精、机油乳剂 )在所测试的浓度对两种蚜虫的拒食率均达 0 719以上 ,拒食效果显著。

STUDY ON ANTIFEEDANT EFFECT OF PLANT EXTRACTS ON MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER) AND LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI (KALTENBACH)

The antifeedant effects of extracts from 34 species of plants and some pesticides,on peach aphid(Myzus persicae) and mustard aphid(Lipaphis erysimi),were studied in laboratory by a modified method of honeydew mottling,evaluated with the antifeedant rate.The results showed that majority of the extracts of 34 species common plants gave noticeable effect on both aphids,especially,extracts from Xanthium sibiricum Petr.Et Widd.,Syngonium podophyllum Schott.and Tephrosia vogelli Hook.,with the antifeedant rate being 0.682,0.629 and 0.806 for M.persicae,and with that of 0.405,0.370 and 0.383 to L.erysimi,respectively.The extracts from Camellia oleifera and Zanthoxylum schinifolium also had high activity,with the antifeedant rate being 0.552,0.514 for M.persicae,and that of 0.570 and 0.514 for L.erysimi,respectively.The pesticides(Azadirachtin water-in oil emulsion,Rotenone and Petroleum spray oils)had stronger antifeedant activity on the aphids in the tested concentrations.