4种弹涂鱼鳃的形态度量学比较及其生态学意义

通过对背眼虎鱼亚科中薄氏大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus boddarti)、青弹涂鱼(Scartelaos histophorus)、新几内亚弹涂鱼(Periophthalmus novaeguineaensis)和点弹涂鱼(P.spilotus)3属4种弹涂鱼鳃参数的测定,比较了各种之间鳃的形态度量学差异。结果表明,4种弹涂鱼的鳃参数(Y)与其体重(W)均符合方程logY=log a+b logW,且各鳃参数与体重的相关性显著(R2=0.50～0.98,P0.05)。等体重的弹涂鱼相比较,青弹涂鱼的总鳃丝数、总鳃丝长(mm)、鳃丝一侧鳃小片数(/mm)、总鳃面积(mm2)和相对鳃面积(mm2/g)均最大,薄氏大弹涂鱼相应鳃参数次之,新几内亚弹涂鱼和点弹涂鱼相应鳃参数较小。弹涂鱼鳃结构的这种梯度退化,表明青弹涂鱼和薄氏大弹涂鱼水生性较强,而新几内亚弹涂鱼和点弹涂鱼陆生性较强。4种弹涂鱼的总鳃丝长和总鳃面积明显小于其他等体重水生鱼类,这与弹涂鱼的两栖生活特征相符。

A Comparison of the Gill Morphometry of Four Mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) from Southeast Asia and Oceania: with Comments on Ecological Adaptation

Measurements of gill parameters were carried out on four mudskippers,Boleophthalmus boddarti, Scartelaos histophorus,Periophthalmus spilotus and Periophthalmus novaeguineaensis. The gill parameters (Y) were analysed in relation to body weight (W) using logarithmic transformations (logY=loga + blogW) in each species. The results showed that the gill parameters (Y) were significantly correlated with the body weights (W) in the four species (R²=0.50-0.98,P < 0.05). Meanwhile,marked differences were found among genera when comparing the individuals of the same weight,the values of total number of filaments,total filament length (mm),average number of secondary lamellae /mm (on one side of filaments),total gill area (mm²) and relative gill area (mm² /g) for S. histophorus were the largest,those for B. boddarti were at a medium level and those for P. novaeguineaensis and P. spilotus were the smallest. The comparative result of the present study showed significant gradient change on gill parameters of mudskippers with their lifestyles, indicating that the Scartelaos and Boleophthalmus species have more affinity to aquatic environment,while the Periophthalmus species are better adapted for terrestrial environment. The values of total filament length and total gill area of the four mudskippers were obviously reduced comparing with other aquatic fishes with similar weight,which were corresponded to the amphibious life models of mudskippers.