深圳湾红树林引种海桑、无瓣海桑的生态评价

对深圳湾红树林引种的外来种海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.)和无瓣海桑(S. apetala B. Ham.)的生态适应性、扩散现状及生态入侵的可能性进行了研究.结果表明:海桑和无瓣海桑对深圳湾的气温、盐度、潮滩与土壤等基本适应,虽然极端低温是其生长定居的限制因子,但其子代的抗寒性逐渐增强,在局部区域有一定的繁殖力和扩散力,生态效益明显.从种群生物生态学特性、生态位理论、群落更新理论等方面分析认为,海桑和无瓣海桑在深圳湾造成生态入侵的可能性不大.

Ecological Assessment on the Introduced Sonneratia caseolaris and S. apetala at the Mangrove Forest of Shenzhen Bay, China

Two exotic species, Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. and S. apetala B. Ham., were introduced to Futian Mangrove Forest Nature Reserve, Shenzhen Bay, in 1993 for afforestation. Winter cold caused frigid harm but did not appear to be an obstacle to the introduction. The cold tolerance of the parental and filial generation increased in several years. The two Sonneratia spp. could propagate by seeds and disperse in Shenzhen Bay. While the two species grew faster than indigenous species, at the same time they promoted the growth of indigenous species, but they could not replace indigenous mangrove species. Suitable habitat was more important than the distance from the source in the natural spreading for the two species. The niche of the two species did not overlap with the niche of indigenous species. The two species did not self-regenerate, although they could disperse on localized area in Shenzhen Bay. Therefore, it was unlikely that the two species would pose ecological disaster.