The rationale for using microscopic units of a donor matrix in cartilage defect repair |
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Authors: | Parisa Ghanavi Mahboubeh Kabiri Michael R Doran |
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Institution: | (1) Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia;(2) Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;(3) Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; |
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Abstract: | The efficacy of existing articular cartilage defect repair strategies are limited. Native cartilage tissue forms via a series
of exquisitely orchestrated morphogenic events spanning through gestation into early childhood. However, defect repair must
be achieved in a non-ideal microenvironment over an accelerated time-frame compatible with the normal life of an adult patient.
Scaffolds formed from decellularized tissues are commonly utilized to enable the rapid and accurate repair of tissues such
as skin, bladder and heart valves. The intact extracellular matrix remaining following the decellularization of these relatively
low-matrix-density tissues is able to rapidly and accurately guide host cell repopulation. By contrast, the extraordinary
density of cartilage matrix limits both the initial decellularization of donor material as well as its subsequent repopulation.
Repopulation of donor cartilage matrix is generally limited to the periphery, with repopulation of lacunae deeper within the
matrix mass being highly inefficient. Herein, we review the relevant literature and discuss the trend toward the use of decellularized
donor cartilage matrix of microscopic dimensions. We show that 2-μm microparticles of donor matrix are rapidly integrate with
articular chondrocytes, forming a robust cartilage-like composites with enhanced chondrogenic gene expression. Strategies
for the clinical application of donor matrix microparticles in cartilage defect repair are discussed. |
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