线粒体的热机效率原理及其在运动疲劳中的应用

基于呼吸链电子漏现象提出了用热机效率原理描述线粒体合成ＡＴＰ 的工作效率， 指出呼吸链漏电不仅使线粒体合成ＡＴＰ 的效率降低， 而且导致线粒体生成有害的活性氧自由基， 引起线粒体损伤。通过检测游泳耗竭小鼠心肌线粒体生成过氧化氢速率的增高和线粒体呼吸对氰化钾敏感性的下降，证明了耗竭运动引起呼吸链电子漏水平明显增高。随电子漏增加而出现的活性氧的损伤表现在线粒体脂质过氧化程度增加，呼吸链四个酶复合物的活性均有不同程度降低，以及呼吸控制率的下降等等。文章讨论了呼吸链电子漏和电子漏引起的活性氧生成对线粒体合成ＡＴＰ 效率的影响。

THE PRINCIPLE OF HEAT ENGINE EFFICIENCY IN MITOCHONDRIAAND ITS APPLICATION IN EXERCISE-INDUCED FATIGUE

Mitochondria prepared from the exhaustive swimming mice show higher rate of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) generation. The respiration of those mitochondria has lower KCN sensitivity. Both these results indicate that the level of electron leak of mitochondrial respiratory chain is higher while animal is in exercise-induced fatigue. A schema that expresses the way of electron leak of respiratory chain is drawn, and a formula is deduced to show the efficiency of mitochondria working on ATP synthesis based on the thermodynamic theory. This article discussed the role of electron leak of respiratory chain in exercise-induced fatigue based on the thermodynamic theory and the data obtained from literature and our own experiments.