贺兰山同域分布岩羊和马鹿的夏季食性

2008年78月贺兰山对同域分布的岩羊和马鹿粪便进行采集,利用粪便显微分析法对二者夏季食性进行了研究。从10个沟系中一共收集了297堆岩羊和305堆马鹿粪便,每堆中捡拾2粒粪粒,组成40个复合样本进行分析。结果表明,夏季在岩羊采食的19科35种(属)植物中,针茅(29.74%)、早熟禾(18.82%)、内蒙古邪蒿(10.30%)、灰榆(7.76%)、冰草(7.47%)是其主要食物,针茅是岩羊夏季的大宗食物;夏季在马鹿取食的11科18种(属)植物中,小红柳(36.26%)、山杨(23.10%)、灰榆(16.84%)等是其主要食物,小红柳为马鹿夏季的大宗食物。夏季岩羊采食植物中,乔木占8.67%,灌木占3.97%,禾本科草本占69.43%,非禾本科草本占17.94%;马鹿采食植物中,乔木占89.61%,灌木占5.38%,禾本科草本占1.03%,非禾本科草本占3.99%。从食物多样性和食物生态位宽度来看,岩羊的Shannon-Wiener指数高于马鹿,而马鹿的Pielou均匀性指数和食物生态位宽度指数高于岩羊,岩羊和马鹿共有9种食物重叠,生态位重叠指数为65.17%。

Summer diets of Sympatric Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus alxaicus) in the Helan Mountains, China

We collected fresh fecal samples of sympatric blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur, n = 297 dung piles) and red deer (Cervus elaphus alxaicus, n = 305 dung piles) during summer between July and August 2008 in 10 drainages of the Helan Mountains of Ningxia Muslem and Inner Mongolia municipalities. Two fecal pellets from each of 40 dung piles of both sheep and deer were mixed to form a single, species-specific composite sample. Microhistological analyses indicated that blue sheep consumed 35 plant species or genera from 19 families; Stipa spp., Poa spp., Seseli intramongolicum, Ulmus glaucescens, Agropyron cristatum were most common. Red deer fed on 18 plant species or genus from 11 families, and Salix microtachya var. bordensis, Populus davidiana, Ulmus glaucescens, Agropyron cristatum were most common. Graminoids comprised 69% of the diet of sheep, followed by forbs (18%), browse (8%), and shrubs (4%). Red deer fed mostly on browse (90% browse, 5% shrubs, 4% forbs, 1% graminoids). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index for blue sheep was higher than that for red deer. The Pielou uniformity index and food niche breadth of red deer were higher than those of blue sheep. Nine of the 43 identified species were eaten by both species, and the niche overlap index was 65.17%.