The Sooty Falcon Falco concolor on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia: distribution, numbers and conservation

Ground and aerial surveys of breeding Sooty Falcons Falco concolor were conducted along the western coast of Saudi Arabia and its offshore islands from August to October 1991 and 1992. An estimated population of 260–381 pairs was found. The known world breeding population is still below 1000 pairs. Most rocky islands were occupied except the largest islands of the Farasan archipelago. Among the many low islets surrounded with mangrove, only one small group near Al Lith harboured breeding Sooty Falcons. The distribution pattern, density and breeding success of the falcons seemed to be strongly influenced by food availability (autumn migration of small and medium-size birds) and the deterring presence of terrestrial predators. Human disturbance and trapping are still of local importance.