黄河流域污染型企业空间分布特征及其影响因素

污染型企业作为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展间的矛盾集合体,优化调控其空间布局是促进黄河流域生态和经济协同发展的重要举措。构建污染型企业空间点数据库,利用标准差椭圆、核密度分析、Ripley''s K函数及空间自相关等多种空间分析方法刻画1979-2020年黄河流域污染型企业空间分布特征,采用地理探测器分析其与自然环境、经济环境等地理环境关系。结果表明:①污染型企业紧密围绕黄河干支流分布,且存在向黄河源头扩张的趋势。②污染型企业在黄河流域具有显著空间集聚性,总体呈现出"中心集聚"中心集聚-多点分散"中心集聚连片-多点分散"和"中心集聚连片"四种空间集聚形态,且集聚程度随距离尺度增加先增强后减弱。当污染型企业集聚程度最高时,其空间分布范围呈扩张趋势。③经济因素为黄河流域污染型企业空间分布的主导因素,但社会因素和其他因素的交互作用对其空间分布的影响力更强,污染型企业空间关联类型同流域经济社会发展差异呈现显著俱乐部趋同效应。研究为污染型企业在黄河流域的空间布局优化调控提供支撑。

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of polluting enterprises in the Yellow River Basin

Polluting enterprises represent a conflict between ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Optimizing and regulating the spatial layout of polluting enterprises is an important measure to promote the coordinated development of ecology and economy in the Yellow River Basin. By constructing a spatial point database of the polluting enterprises, and using multiple spatial data analysis such as the standard deviation ellipse, kernel density analysis, Ripley''s K function and the global spatial autocorrelation, this study examined the directional trend, spatial agglomeration form, the degree of spatial agglomeration at different distance scales, and spatial correlation of polluting enterprises in the Yellow River Basin from 1979 to 2020. This study further examined the spatial association of polluting enterprises with the natural environment, economic environment, and other geographical environments using Geodetector for factor detection and interactive detection. The results showed that: (1) From 1979 to 2020, the number of polluting enterprises in the Yellow River Basin continued to grow. Polluting enterprises were closely clustered around the main channel and tributaries of the Yellow River, with the spatial distribution range of such enterprises expanding toward the source of the Yellow River. (2) The polluting enterprises exhibited significantly spatial agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin. As the degree of agglomeration of polluting enterprises increased, the spatial scope of their agglomeration distribution expanded, and generally presented four spatial agglomeration forms: central agglomeration, central agglomeration with multi-point dispersion, central continuous agglomeration with multi-point dispersion, and central continuous agglomeration. The agglomeration degree of polluting enterprises initially increased, and then decreased, as the geographical distance scale increased. Furthermore, the spatial distribution range of the polluting enterprises with the highest degree of agglomeration was expanding. (3) Economic factors were the dominant drivers of the spatial distribution of polluting enterprises in the basin, while the interactions between social factors and other factors had a strong impact on the distribution. The spatial correlation type of polluting enterprises and the differences in economic and social development in the basin had a significant club convergence effect. The polluting enterprises had significant positive spatial correlation, and their spatial correlation types were mainly high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration. The high-high agglomeration type was mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, and the low-low agglomeration type was mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin. This study provides support for the spatial layout optimization and regulation of polluting enterprises in the Yellow River Basin.