青海祁连山区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程生态成效评估

生态成效作为判定山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程有效性的重要途径,对加强工程总体布局和顶层设计、确保工程取得显著成效具有非常重要的意义。青海省祁连山区具有极其典型的"山水林田湖草"生命共同体特征,是中国第一批山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点之一。通过构建"生态干扰变化-生态系统格局变化-生态系统质量变化-生态系统功能变化-生态成效变化"逻辑框架,运用时空对比分析方法,对青海祁连山区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程的生态成效进行了评估。结果表明:工程实施后,重要生态用地面积增长了0.1%、生态连通度降低了0.5%、植被覆盖度指数提升了10.1%、单位面积水源涵养量提高了31.5%,土壤保持量增加了3.1%,固碳量增加了2.8%,表明工程实施以来,生态干扰增加,部分类型生态系统破碎化有所加剧,但总体生态系统格局相对稳定,生态系统质量和各生态功能均有提升,修复成效显现。研究结果对青海祁连山区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程的实施有一定的指导性作用,能为未来山水林田湖草生态保护修复工作提供先进经验,对科学指导中国更好地开展生态修复工作具有重要意义。

Evaluation on the implementation effect of ecological protection and restoration project of Mountain-Water-Forest-Cropland-Lake-Grass system in Qilian mountains, Qinghai Province

The evaluation on the implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project of Mountain-Water-Forest-Cropland-Lake-Grass system is very important to ensure the project effect. In this paper, by constructing a cascade conceptual framework of "ecological disturbance change-ecosystem pattern change-ecosystem quality change-ecosystem function change-ecological effect change", and using the method of time-space comparative analysis, the ecological implementation effect of the ecological protection and restoration project in Qilian Mountain, Qinghai province was evaluated. The results showed that: (1) After the implementation of the project, the area of important ecological land has increased by 0.1%, the ecological connectivity has decreased by 0.5%, the vegetation coverage index has increased by 10.1%, and the water conservation per unit area has increased by 31.5%. It indicated that after the implementation of the project, the ecosystem pattern was relatively stable, the vegetation coverage and the dominant ecological functions have improved significantly, and the ecological interference index has increased slightly, but the overall interference intensity was small. (2) The comprehensive score of the project implementation effect is 78, which is relatively obvious in general, and the phased objectives in the implementation plan have been achieved well. These results will play a guiding role in the implementation of ecological protection and restoration project of Mountain-Water-Forest-Cropland-Lake-Grass system in Qilian mountains.