磷脂酶D的细胞信号转导作用

磷脂酶D(PLD)是一类重要的跨膜信号转导酶类.分别由一个基因家族的不同成员编码.植物PLD的总体域结构相似,只是不同类型之间在某些单元上有重要差异.它们各具独特的生物化学特性.不同的PLD在不同的胁迫类型启动的特定的细胞过程中执行独特的细胞信号转导功能.PLD与其它磷脂酶及Ca2 信使之间有交互作用,形成复杂的信号转导网络.这一网络在不同植物种类、器官、组织和细胞类型中表现出特异性.文章最后讨论了PLD研究中有待揭示的问题并展望了今后的发展方向.

The Role of Phospholipase D in Cellular Signaling

Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes structural phospholipids of biological membrane to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and a free-head group. Both of these compounds can participate in signal transduction. Since the activation of PLD in- volved in many cellular signaling cascades was iden- tified in recent years, knowledge of and interest in PLD have grown greatly, and significant progress has been made toward understanding PLD. This paper reviewed the research progress on gene structure, regulation and cellular function of PLD. PLDs are encoded by a multiple heterogenous gene family. The overall domain structures of plant PLDs are similar, but important differences occur in some of the motifs. The small structural variations under- lie distinct regulatory and catalytic properties and cellular function in signaling. PA and other messen-gers produced by other phospholipase pathways can be interconverted with the action of lipid kinase and phosphatase. PLD is thought to function as an inte- gral part of a network involving other lipid-signaling enzymes and messengers. Some research evidence demonstrated the specificity of PLDs in signal trans- duction with plant species, cell types, stimuli and cellular processes. Some important questions about PLD study were also raised.