不同红树植物群落中大型底栖动物群落的比较

2005—2006年对广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区湿地三种红树植物群落(白骨壤 桐化树群落、桐花树群落、木榄 桐花树群落)的大型底栖动物群落特征进行了分析研究。白骨壤 桐化树群落大型底栖动物群落的物种数、栖息密度、生物量、丰富度指数和多样性指数均最高,优势度指数居中,均匀度指数略低于桐花树群落;桐花树群落大型底栖动物物种数急剧减少,尤其是底内型、底上附着型和穴居型种类减少明显,生物量和栖息密度下降到最低,由于个体数种间分配较为均匀而导致优势度指数下降而均匀度指数增高,虽丰富度指数略低于白骨壤 桐化树群落,但多样性指数接近于白骨壤 桐化群落;木榄 桐花树群落,大型底栖动物群落的物种数,尤其是穴居型和底内型种数继续减少,但生物量和栖息密度有所上升,个体数种间分配不均匀而使优势度指数增高而均匀度下降,加上丰富度指数最低,故多样性指数最小。白骨壤 桐化树群落优势种的生活型是底内型和穴居型;桐花树和木榄 桐花树群落优势种的生活型均是穴居型。三种红树植物群落中的大型底栖动物群落的GS/GSB分别为0.48、0.63、0.80。相同红树植物群落大型底栖动物群落结构都较为相似,木榄 桐花树群落的相似性最高,而不同红树植物群落大型底栖动物群落特征的差异明显,反映了不同红树群落对底栖动物群落作用的差别,同时也展示了各种大型底栖动物对不同红树群落生境的适应情况。

A Comparison of Macrofauna Communities in Different Mangrove Assemblages

The characteristics of macrofauna communities in three mangrove assemblages Avicennia marina Acgiceras corniculatum(MC)community,A.corniculatum(C)community and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza A.corniculatum(GC)community] were studied in Zhanjiang Mangrove Nature Reserves during 2005 and 2006.Of the three mangrove assemblages,the macrofauna species number,density,biomass,Richness index and Shannon-Wiener index were the highest,and the Simpson dominance index was medial at MC community.However the Pielou Evenness index of MC community was slightly lower than that at C community.At C community,the number of macrofauna species obviously reduced,especially infaunal,caving and adhering life forms,and the biomass and density were the lowest.Because of the even distribution of individuals of different species,the Simpson dominance index was the lowest and the evenness index was the highest.Although the Richness index at C community was slightly lower than that at MC community,the Shannon-Wiener index was near to that at MC community.At GC community,the number of macrofauna species,especially infaunal and caving life forms,continued to decrease comparing C community,but the biomass and density increased slightly.As the distribution of individuals of different species was uneven,the Simpson dominance index was the highest and the Pielou Evenness index was the lowest.Furthermore,the Richness index dropped to the lowest.The Shannon-Wiener index also dropped accordingly to the lowest.The dominant life forms of MC were infaunal and caving,while those of C and GC community were both caving.The ratio of the GS/GSB of macrofauna communities in the three mangrove assemblages were 0.48,0.63 and 0.80,respectively.The community structures at the same mangrove assemblages were all quite similar,with those at GC community being most similar.However,there were obvious differences among the community structures at the three different mangrove assemblages.These results implied that the different mangrove assemblages had different affects on the macrofauna communities and shed light on the macrofauna adaptation capability to specific habitats.