圈养大熊猫乳汁营养成分分析

本文收集了一只14岁大熊猫产后17d内的乳汁样品10个，包括产后第2，3，5，6，7，8，9，11，12和17天，并测定了这些样品的营养成分的含量。即粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、乳糖(Lac)、17种氨基酸(AA)含量的总和、5种常量元素(Ca，P，K，Na，Mg)和6种微量元素(Fe，Cu，Mn，Zn，Co，Se)。结果如下：(1)每个样品的粗蛋白和17种氨基酸含量的总和十分接近，分别在5．20％～7．50％和5．17％～7．62％的范围内波动；乳糖含量的变化范围为0．87％～1．51％；粗脂肪为0．6％～3．2％；(2)粗蛋白和总氨基酸含量第3天明显低于第2天，从第3天到第6天逐步升高，第7天有些下降，从第7到17天逐渐上升；乳糖含量变化不大，在1％左右，第2，3和5天接近，第6天明显升高。之后逐渐降低直至第17天；粗脂肪含量波动较大，没有明显变化趋势；绝大多数矿物元素含量随产后时间的延长都有不同程度的升高趋势；(3)产后6～7天的乳汁样品营养物质含量与一周后有明显差别。作者建议在幼大熊猫人工乳的配制方面，应依据大熊猫乳汁的营养物质含量，充分保证蛋白质水平。降低乳糖含量，同时供给充足的矿物质元素；必须根据幼大熊猫的日龄及其生长发育情况，调整人工乳的营养水平。

Nutrient content of the milk of captive giant pandas

The nutrient content of ten milk samples collected from a 14-year-old giant panda on days 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 17 after parturition was analysed, including crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), lactose (Lac), a total of 17 amino acids (TAA), 5 macrominerals (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg) and 6 trace minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Se). The results indicate that(1)the concentration of CP was similar to that of TAA, ranging from 5.20% to 7.50% and 5.17% to 7.62%, respectively, while that of lactose ranged from 0.87% to 1.51% and EE from 0.60% to 3.20%. (2)The concentration of CP and TAA decreased on the 3rd day, then rose from the 3rd to 6th day, decreased again on the 7th day and finally rose gradually from the 7th to the 17th day. The concentration of lactose decreased slightly from the 6th day to the 17th day. The EE value fluctuated. Nearly all 11 kinds of minerals increased from the 6th day to the 12th day. (3)The nutrient concentration of milk samples collected within 6-7 days after parturition is apparently different from that of milk samples collected a week later[Acta Zoologica Sinica 49(4):494-500,2003].