Epiphytic,littoral diatoms as bioindicators of shallow lake trophic status: Trophic Diatom Index for Lakes (TDIL) developed in Hungary

Littoral diatoms are important contributors of the primary production in shallow aquatic ecosystems and they can be used as indicators of the trophic status. The aim of the study was to develop an index to assess trophic status of Hungarian lakes as suggested by the Water Framework Directive. In spring of 2005 and 2006, epiphytic diatom samples were collected from 83 shallow lakes. Weighted average method was used to develop and test the TP model. In the developed TP model correlation between the observed and diatom inferred TP was high (r ² = 0.96, n = 67). The optimum and tolerance TP parametrics of 127 species were determined and trophic indicator and sensibility values were defined for the Trophic Diatom Index for Lakes (TDIL). The TDIL was applicable to assess the ecological status of Hungarian shallow lakes. According to the TDIL the ecological status of 4 lakes were in excellent, 25 in good, 21 in medium, 21 in tolerable and 12 in bad status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Handling editor: K. Martens