Affiliation: | 1. Department of biotechnology, Faculty of basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, 1955847781 Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, 1651150573 Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;4. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, 8816954615 Shahrekord, Iran Sina Borna Aria (SABA) Co., Ltd., Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, 8815943157 Shahrekord, Iran Parsian Bioproducers Inc., Biotechnology Research Center, 8816954617 Shahrekord, Iran;5. Biotechnology Research Center, Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, BIO3P company of AmitisGen Med TECH Group, 1416673744 Tehran, Iran |
Abstract: | Nanoparticles (NPs) may help treat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDR). This study prepared and evaluated chitosan/alginate-encapsulated Echinacea angustifolia extract against MDR strains. Evaluating synthesized NPs with SEM, DLS, and FT-IR. Congo red agar and colorimetric plate techniques examined isolate biofilm formation. NP antibacterial power was assessed using well diffusion. Real-time PCR assessed biofilm-forming genes. MTT assessed the synthesized NPs′ toxicity. According to DLS measurements, spherical E. angustifolia NPs had a diameter of 335.3±1.43 nm. The PDI was 0.681, and the entrapment effectiveness (EE%) of the E. angustifolia extract reached 83.45 %. Synthesized NPs were most antimicrobial. S. aureus resistant to several treatments was 80 percent of 100 clinical samples. Biofilm production was linked to MDR in all strains. The ALG/CS-encapsulated extract had a 4 to 32-fold lower MIC than the free extract, which had no bactericidal action. They also significantly decreased the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation. E. angustifolia-encapsulated ALG/CS decreased IcaD, IcaA, and IcaC gene expression in all MDR strains (***p<0.001). Free extract, free NPs, and E. angustifolia-NPs had 57.5 %, 85.5 %, and 90.0 % cell viability at 256 μg/ml. These discoveries could assist generate stable plant extracts by releasing natural-derived substances under controlled conditions. |