Green micelle and complex inclusion enhance synchronous spectrofluorimetric quantification of a novel analgesic combination: Tramadol and celecoxib in tablet dosage form and spiked human plasma

This work offers for the first time an optimized, highly sensitive, simple, and accurate synchronized spectrofluorimetric technique for the simultaneous measurement of tramadol and celecoxib in powder form, their combined multimodal tablet, and finally spiked human plasma samples. Tramadol and celecoxib were recently released as a new drug combination to alleviate intense, sudden pain when other pain medications had failed. The technique entailed taking measurements of the fluorescence amplitudes of the synchronized spectra at Δλ = 100 nm. Excitation was made at 220 nm and 264 nm, whereas the emission points were 282 nm and 368 nm for tramadol and celecoxib, respectively. This technique offers linearity of 40–400 ng/ml and 100–2000 ng/ml for tramadol and celecoxib, respectively. Complex formation between the cited medications with the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate enhanced the fluorescence intensity and other control parameters. Tramadol and celecoxib were both determined in spiked human plasma using the current technique with marked percentage recoveries of 98.63 ± 6.30% and 99.32 ± 6.67%, respectively. Last, the research was extended to check the greenness profile of the finally optimized method and the results revealed excellent eco-friendliness. Three greenness assessment tools were used including Eco-scale, the Green Analytical Procedure Index tool, and the AGREE calculator. Sustainable development, economic feasibility, and environmental soundness were all considered throughout the development of the present technique. The approach was validated in accordance with the requirements provided by the International Council for Harmonization.