Paracrine regulation of distinct trophoblast functions in vitro by placental macrophages |
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Authors: | M. Cervar A. Blaschitz G. Dohr G. Desoye |
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Affiliation: | Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, A-8036 Graz, Austria Tel.: +43 316 385 2476; Fax: +43 316 385 2477; e-mail: gernot.desoye@kfunigraz.ac.at, AT Institute of Histology and Embryology, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria, AT
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Abstract: | In view of the accumulating evidence for paracrine mechanisms regulating trophoblast function, we tested the hypothesis that placental macrophages affect trophoblast activity in a paracrine fashion. Trophoblast was isolated from 17 term placentas (-IP). One aliquot of cells was further immunopurified (+IP) using an HLA class I antibody. This increased the proportion of trophoblast (+IP >97%; -IP ~70%) as identified by rigorous immunocytochemistry. Most (~70%) non-trophoblast cells in -IP were macrophages. The cells were cultured for 5 days with a daily medium change. In addition, +IP cells from seven placentas were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated or -unstimulated macrophage-conditioned media. The concentrations of lactate, trophoblast-specific hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin-# (hCG-#) and human placental lactogen (hPL), of several prostanoids and of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II were determined in the culture media. The accumulated amounts of substances released into the culture media, corrected for the greater proportion of trophoblast in +IP cultures, were on average two- to threefold higher (hCG-#: 18-fold) in +IP than in -IP, with the exception of endothelin-1,2 (no change), angiotensin II (-70%) and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1! (-40%). [3H]leucine incorporation into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable pool measured on day 5 was twofold higher in +IP than in -IP. Addition of conditioned media reverted these changes. The data demonstrate that placental macrophages in culture affect trophoblast biosynthetic activity in a paracrine fashion. We conclude that macrophages are important regulators of trophoblast activity. |
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