Influence of freezable/non-freezable water and sucrose on the viability of Theobroma cacao somatic embryos following desiccation and freezing |
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Authors: | Jong-Yi Fang Moctar Sacandé Hugh Pritchard Andy Wetten |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shueh Fu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan;(2) Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK;(3) School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 221, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AS, UK |
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Abstract: | Encapsulated cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) somatic embryos subjected to 0.08–1.25 M sucrose treatments were analyzed for embryo soluble sugar content, non-freezable water content, moisture level after desiccation and viability after desiccation and freezing. Results indicated that the higher the sucrose concentration in the treatment medium, the greater was the extent of sucrose accumulation in the embryos. Sucrose treatment greatly assisted embryo post-desiccation recovery since only 40% of the control embryos survived desiccation, whereas a survival rate of 60–95% was recorded for embryos exposed to 0.5–1.25 M sucrose. The non-freezable water content of the embryos was estimated at between 0.26 and 0.61 g H2O g−1dw depending on the sucrose treatment, and no obvious relationship could be found between the endogenous sucrose level and the amount of non-freezable water in the embryos. Cocoa somatic embryos could withstand the loss of a fraction of their non-freezable water without losing viability following desiccation. Nevertheless, the complete removal of potentially freezable water was not sufficient for most embryos to survive freezing. |
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Keywords: | Freezable water Non-freezable water Desiccation Freezing Sucrose Cocoa Theobroma cacao Somatic embryo Cryopreservation |
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