细菌鉴定方法

细菌的分类鉴定与细菌的研究和应用有着同等重要的地位。准确地鉴定细菌类别，根据其菌种种类不同，分别针对肠杆菌、阳性球菌、非发酵菌等菌种设计不同药敏板条的抗生素组合，可以指导临床应用用药。目前，细菌分类鉴定方法主要包括表型鉴定法和分子遗传学鉴定法两大类，针对这两大类鉴定方法，汇总其生理生化分类特征，简述各方法采用的关键技术，针对各技术讨论其优缺点。同时详细研究了表型鉴定法下数值分类法中自动化鉴定涉及的算法，结合目前细菌鉴定方法，对细菌分类鉴定的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。

Methods of Identification of Bacteria

The classification and identification of bacteria are equally important compared to its research and application. After bacteria categories are accurately identified,different antibiotic susceptibility lath antibiotic combination,which are specific to bacteria species,such as enteric bacilli,positive coccus,non-fermenter and other bacteria respectively,can be designed to guide clinic drugs application. Currently,methods of bacteria classi-fication and identification mainly include phenotypic and molecular genetic identification. According to these two methods for the classification and identification of bacteria,their physiological and biochemical characteristics were summarized. The key techniques and corresponding merits and defects were systematically elaborated and dis-cussed. Simultaneously,relevant algorithms in numerical taxonomy and automated identification of the phenotypic identification method were studied. Combined with the current method of bacterial identification,this article sum-marized and prospected the development trend of bacteria identification in the future.