内蒙古达赉湖地区蒙原羚冬季采食生境选择

蒙原羚是欧亚大陆温带草原生态系统中的特有物种和数量最多的有蹄类动物。2010年11月—2011年1月,在内蒙古达赉湖地区开展了蒙原羚冬季采食生境选择研究。结果表明:蒙原羚冬季选择利用雪深<6cm,地上生物量>50g.m-2,距围栏1000～2000m,植被高度>20cm,植被盖度>40%,隐蔽条件(可视距离)3000～4000m,到居民点距离>2000m,距家畜>2000m,坡度<20°,中上坡位,针茅(Stipa spp.)和羊草(Aneurolepidium chinnenses)等植被类型的生境采食;生境因子综合影响蒙原羚的冬季采食生境选择,依照贡献值的大小依次为到围栏距离、地上生物量、雪深和隐蔽条件。逐步判别分析表明,由这4个变量构成的判别方程在对蒙原羚采食样方进行区分时,正确判别率为82.1%。因此,建立合理的围栏管理制度、提高可利用食物量等是蒙原羚保护的关键。

Feeding habitat selection by Mongolia gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) in Dalai Lake area of Inner Mongolia in winter

Mongolian gazelle(procapra gutturosa) is the most abundant and endemic ungulate species in Asia-European temperate steppe ecosystems.In this study,an investigation was conducted from November 2010 to January 2011 to understand the feeding habitat selection by Mongolian gazelle in the Dalai Lake area of Inner Mongolia in winter.The Mongolian gazelle preferred to select the habitats with <6 cm snow depth,>50 g·m-2 aboveground biomass,1000-2000 m fence distance,>20 cm plant height,>40% vegetation cover,3000-4000 m visible range shelter,>2000 m settlement distance,>2000 m livestock distance,<20° slope,middle and upper slope position,and Stipa spp.and Aneurolepidium chinese vegetation types.Stepwise discriminate analysis showed that the four most important ecological factors affecting the feeding habitat selection in winter were fence distance,snow depth,aboveground biomass,and shelter in turn,based on their contribution values.The accuracy of the discrimination was 82.1%.To establish a reasonable fence management system and to increase the abundance of available food would be the key issues for the protection of Mongolian gazelle.