不同栖息地破坏格局下具捕食偏爱似然竞争结局的模拟分析

使用元胞自动机模型,对具有捕食偏爱、不同栖息地破坏比例和不同空间破坏格局条件下的捕食-食饵系统中各物种的变化动态进行了模拟分析。在捕食者和两猎物物种共存时:栖息地破坏比例、栖息地破坏的聚集度对猎物物种间强弱关系产生相反的作用,若增加栖息地破坏比例不利于某一猎物生存,则提高聚集度对其有利;适当提高适宜栖息地的聚集度,对所有物种都有利,若聚集度过高,效果相当于减少了栖息地的破坏比例,可能对某些猎物物种不利,但对整体系统有利;被破坏栖息地的聚集度发生变化时,捕食者的反应更敏感;在一定条件下,增强弱势种群的捕食偏爱会有助于其生存。

Apparent competition of predator' s preference to prey under different habitat destruction patterns: A simulation analysis

By using cellular automata simulation model, a simulation analysis was conducted on the dynamic behaviors of various species in the predator-prey system under conditions of predator’s preference to prey, different proportion of habitat destruction, and different spatial destruction pattern. When a predator species coexisted with two prey species, the effect of habitat destruction proportion on the preys was contrary to that of habitat destruction aggregation degree, and, increasing the habitat destruction proportion was unfavorable, but increasing the habitat destruction aggregation degree was favorable to one of the prey species. Moderately increasing the aggregation degree of suitable habitats could favor all the species, but too high aggregation degree had the same effect of decreasing the proportion of habitat destruction, being harmful to some prey species while beneficial to the whole system. When the aggregation degree of destroyed habitat changed, the predator was more sensitive than the preys. Under definite conditions, increasing the weak predator’s preference to prey could help to the existence of the weak population.