扎龙自然保护区不同空间尺度景观格局时空变化及其生态风险

景观格局变化下的区域生态风险研究可以为保护区域景观生态系统健康,实现区域资源的合理和可持续利用提供重要科学依据。以扎龙自然保护区为研究区,利用遥感手段提取景观类型信息,定量分析不同空间尺度下研究区景观格局时空变化特征和演变规律。根据研究区景观格局变化特点构建景观生态风险指数,对研究区不同时期空间尺度变化过程中景观生态风险时空变化特征进行分析。研究表明:1995—2010年研究区不同空间尺度下景观总体格局和各景观类型格局变化显著,呈现不同变化特征;景观生态风险随空间粒度的增大而减小。对比分析两期数据,研究区景观生态风险加剧,其空间分布均呈环形扩散特征。根据本研究区区域面积大小和景观格局复杂程度,确定了景观格局和景观生态风险研究的适宜尺度域。

Spatiotemporal change and its ecological risk of landscape pattern in different spatial scales in Zhalong Nature Reserve

To study the regional ecological risk under landscape pattern change can provide important scientific basis for protecting the health of regional landscape ecosystem and realizing the reasonable and sustainable utilization of regional resources. Selecting Zhalong Nature Reserve as study area, and using remote sensing to obtain the information of landscape types, this paper quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of the spatiotemporal change of the Reserve’s landscape pattern and its evolution in different spatial scales. According to the characteristics of the landscape change, the index of the landscape ecological risk was established, and the spatiotemporal change characteristics of the landscape ecological risk under spatial scale change in different periods were analyzed. From 1995 to 2010, the overall landscape pattern and the pattern of each landscape type in the Reserve changed significantly in different scales, and showed different change characteristics. The landscape ecological risk in the study area decreased with the increase of spatial grain. The comparative analysis of the data in two different periods showed that the landscape ecological risk in the Reserve increased, and the risk’s spatial distribution presented ring and diffusion characteristics. According to the size of the study area and the complexity of the landscape pattern, an appropriate scale domain for the research on landscape pattern and landscape ecological risk was determined.