云南高原湿地湖滨带植物不同空间配置对生活污水N、P去除的影响

采用野外调查和室内模拟实验相结合的方法,对云南高原湿地常见的7种湖滨带植物群落开展污水净化试验研究,为云南高原退化湿地恢复与污染湖泊治理中植物的选择与空间配置提供依据。结果表明,湖滨带植物群落对污水浓度的耐受和净化降解是有限度的,在适合植物生长的污水浓度范围(TN:8.39～22.95mg·L-1;TP:0.61～1.96mg·L-1;NH4+-N:6.42～19.80mg·L-1)内,植物群落才能对污水起到高效的净化效果,对TP和NH4+-N的去除率均能达到30%以上,对TN的去除率也能达到20%。在较高浓度范围内,由茭草(Zizana caduciflora)、蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllumdemersum)几种喜氮、磷植物组成的群落对污水的净化效果更好。但不同植物群落对污水的净化效果存在着差异(P<0.05),含同一种植物但其他组成植物不同的群落净化效果不同,表明植物种间存在相互作用,不同种类、不同生活型间相互协作,发挥着最大功能作用。

Effects of lakeside plant spatial allocation in plateau wetlands of Yunnan, Southwest China on the removal of sewage nitrogen and phosphorus

Field investigation in combining with laboratory simulation test was conducted to study the effects of 7 lakeside plant communities commonly found in plateau wetlands on the purification of different concentration urban sewage,aimed to provide reference to the selection and spatial allocation of plants for the recovery of degraded wetlands and the treatment of polluted lakes in Yunna Plateau of Southwest China.The test lakeside plant communities had definite limitations in enduring and purifying urban sewage.Only under the conditions of suitable sewage concentration(total nitrogen 8.39-22.95 mg·L-1,total phosphorous 0.61-1.96 mg·L-1,and NH4+-N 6.42-19.80 mg·L-1),the plant communities could have effective and obvious purification effects,with the removal rate of total phosphorous and NH4+-N reached over 30% and that of total nitrogen nearly 20%.Under high sewage concentration,the plant communities composed of the species in favor of nitrogen and phosphorus,such as Zizana caduciflora,Potamogeton pectinatus and Ceratophyllum demersum,showed better purification effects.There existed significant differences in the purification effects among the plant communities composed of one same species but different other species(P<0.05),indicating the interactions among the plant species.It was suggested that plant species selection and their spatial allocation would have great significance in the bio-treatment of polluted lakes and the ecological recovery of degraded wetlands.