Composition of bryozoan assemblages related to depth in Svalbard fjords and sounds |
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Authors: | Piotr Kuklinski Bjørn Gulliksen Ole Jorgen Lønne Jan Marcin Weslawski |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul.Powstanców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;(2) The University Center on Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway;(3) Present address: Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK;(4) Department of Aquatic Biology, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;(5) Institute of Marine Research, 9296 Tromsø, Norway |
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Abstract: | Svalbard bryozoan communities were investigated along a depth range from the surface to 296 m between the inner glacial fronts and fjord mouths during 2001 and 2002. The main study area was Kongsfjorden (79°N, 12°E). A total of 137 taxa of bryozoans were identified: 108 to species, 24 to genus, 3 to family, 1 to order and 1 to phylum level. Cluster and multidimensional scaling analyses revealed four distinct assemblages of bryozoans: shallow (0–40 m; 68 taxa), deep (40–296 m; 80 taxa), inner fjordic (three taxa) and an assemblage found on small stones in shallow waters (nine taxa). The inner fjordic assemblage was recorded from the front of tidal glaciers extending about 10 km out into the fjord. In terms of abundance, Celleporella hyalina Linnaeus dominated in shallow areas (18%), Hippothoa arctica Kluge (55%) in deep water, Alcyonidium disciforme Smitt (86%) proximate to glaciers fronts and Electra arctica Borg on small stones (98%). The species were classified according to their depth range as a stenobathic-shallow (46 taxa), stenobathic-deep (57 taxa) and eurybathic-generalist (21 taxa). Mean diversity measures did not show any significant differences between the shallow and deep communities. The bryozoan assemblages seem to be structured primarily by processes related to depth and sediment characteristics. |
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