蛋白质入核转运的机制和研究进展

细胞核膜是由外膜和内膜组成的磷脂双分子层结构，同时镶嵌一些核孔复合体（NPC）.核孔复合体是胞浆和胞核之间主动和被动转运的生理屏障.核内功能蛋白在胞浆内合成后通过核孔复合体进入胞核，这个过程除了需要NPC上核孔蛋白、胞浆内核转运受体和RanGTP等蛋白的参与外, 货物蛋白本身的结构特征在其入核转运过程中亦发挥重要作用.本文着重就蛋白入核转运的机制及近年来取得的相关进展进行综述.

Molecular mechanism and progress of protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus

The nuclear envelope is composed of two lipid bilayers, outer membrane and inner membrane. Nuclear pore complex (NPC) are formed at sites where the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are joined and it is a physical barrier of any passive and active transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Proteins functioned in the nucleus(used to be called as Cargoes) are synthesized in the cytoplasm and transport to the nucleus across nuclear pore complex in an energy-dependent way. This process is mainly regulated by nucleoporins in NPC, importins in cytoplasm and RanGTP. In addition, the structural character of cargo proteins plays essential roles in the transport to nucleus. This review mainly focuses on the molecular mechanism of protein transportation to the nucleus and recent progresses.