Prenatal polymetallic exposure and small for gestational age: A case-control study in Taiyuan,China |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China;2. National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;1. Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;2. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;3. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay 31200, Turkey;2. Department of Genetics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey;3. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey;1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China;2. Department of Electron Microscope Laboratory Centre, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China;3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, PR China;4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linyi Peoples′ Hospital, Linyi 276000, PR China;5. Department of Emergency, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, 050001, Hebei, PR China;6. School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China;7. Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China;8. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China;1. Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China;2. Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, China;3. Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China;1. Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Genetic, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Genetic, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Hormozegan, Iran;4. Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Microbiology, East Branch of Payamnoor University, Tehran, Iran;6. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran;7. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;8. School of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran;9. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;10. Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India;11. Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;12. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical hysiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;13. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;14. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;15. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;p. Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundStudies focused on independent effects of metals on small for gestational age, failing to account for potential interdependence among metals.MethodsIn this case-control study, we selected 187 pregnant women and 187 matched controls from the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Determination of 12 elements in the venous blood of pregnant women before delivery by ICP-MS. Logistic regression, weighted quantile sum regression (WQSR) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to estimate the overall effect and identify important mixture components that drive the associations with SGA.ResultsAn increased risk of SGA was associated with As (OR= 1.06,95%CI: 1.01,1.12), Cd (OR= 1.24,95%CI: 1.04,1.47) and Pb (OR= 1.05,95%CI: 1.02,1.08), while Zn (OR= 0.58,95%CI: 0.45,0.76) and Mn (OR= 0.97,95%CI: 0.94,0.99) were protective factors for SGA. In the WQSR positive model, the mixture of heavy metals has a positive combined effect on SGA (OR= 1.74,95%CI: 1.15, 2.62), with Sb and Cd having the highest weights. The BKMR models confirmed that the metal mixture was associated with decreased risk of SGA when the concentration of 12 metals was between the 30th percentile and the 65th percentile, and Zn and Cd had the greatest independent effect. Zn and SGA may not be linearly correlated, higher Zn level may reduce the effect of Cd on the risk of SGA.ConclusionsOur study suggested that exposure to multiple metals was associated with risk of SGA, and the observed association with multiple metals was dominated by Zn, Cd. Sb exposure during pregnancy may also increase the risk of SGA. |
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| Keywords: | Small for gestational age Multi-metals Mixture analysis Joint effect |
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