High serum riboflavin is associated with the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;1. Agenzia Regionale di Coordinamento per la Salute, Udine, Italy;2. Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, PN, Italy;3. Direzione Generale, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, PN, Italy;1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;2. Stanford Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;3. Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;4. Stanford Clinical Excellence Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;1. Prevention and Population Health Directorate, Wellbeing SA, Australia;2. Cancer Council Queensland, Queensland, Australia;3. Victorian Cancer Registry, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia;1. The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;2. Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia;3. School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;4. Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation & Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;5. Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;6. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;7. Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;8. Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;9. Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia;1. Population-based Cancer Registry of Barretos Region, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, 14784-400 Sao Paulo, Brazil;2. Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 25 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France;3. Director''s Office, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 25 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France;4. Superintendence of Education and Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01525-001, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundExperimental results indicate that riboflavin is involved in tumorigenesis. Data regarding the relationship between riboflavin and colorectal cancer (CRC) are limited, and findings vary between observational studies.DesignThis was a case–control retrospective study.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the associations between serum riboflavin level and sporadic CRC risk.MethodsIn total, 389 participants were enrolled in this study – including 83 CRC patients without family history and 306 healthy controls – between January 2020 and March 2021 at the Department of Colorectal Surgery and Endoscope Center at Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Age, sex, body mass index, history of polyps, disease conditions (e.g., diabetes), medications, and eight other vitamins were used as confounding factors. Adjusted smoothing spline plots, subgroup analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to estimate the relative risk between serum riboflavin levels and sporadic CRC risk. After fully adjusting for the confounding factors, an increased risk of colorectal cancer was suggested for individuals with higher levels of serum riboflavin (OR = 1.08 (1.01, 1.15), p = 0.03) in a dose–response relationship.ConclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that higher levels of riboflavin may play a role in facilitating colorectal carcinogenesis. The finding of high levels of circulating riboflavin in patients with CRC warrants further investigation. |
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| Keywords: | Circulating riboflavin Vitamin B2 Sporadic colorectal cancer Risk factor Nutrition |
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