The role of lead and cadmium in deciduous teeth and saliva on dental caries in children residing in Tehran,Iran |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;6. Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;7. Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay 31200, Turkey;2. Department of Genetics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey;3. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey;1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, PR China;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, PR China;3. National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, PR China;4. State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China;5. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China;6. State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, PR China;1. Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil;2. National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil;1. Department of Neurology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China;2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China |
| |
| Abstract: | BackgroundLead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) are important environmental contaminants. There is no biological monitoring of exposure to these heavy metals and their potential effect on dental caries in children in Tehran, Iran, a polluted megacity. Therefore, the present study investigated the potential association between Pb and Cd levels in primary teeth and saliva and dental caries.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 211 children aged 6–11 years referred to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry and residing in Tehran were examined. Pb and Cd levels of exfoliated primary teeth and stimulated saliva were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Dental caries prevalence was evaluated according to WHO criteria. Socioeconomic status, oral hygiene behavior, snacking frequency and salivary pH data were acquired as confounding factors. Frequency and percentages were reported for categorical variables, mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables, and geometric mean for skewed continuous variables. A simple linear regression and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analyses. P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant.ResultThe mean (95 % confidence interval) Pb and Cd levels in teeth were 213.26 ppb (164.29–274.84) and 23.75 ppb (20.86–27.05), respectively. The mean Pb and Cd levels in saliva were 11.83 ppb (10.71–13.06) and 3.18 ppb (2.69–3.75), respectively. Furthermore, Pb and Cd in primary teeth and saliva were not associated (p > 0.05) with socioeconomic status, oral hygiene behavior and snacking frequencyConclusionThis study showed no association between Pb and Cd concentrations in primary teeth and in saliva with dental caries prevalence. |
| |
| Keywords: | Cadmium Lead Saliva Tooth Dental caries |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
