Total mercury and methylmercury in garfish (Belone belone) of different body weights,sizes, ages,and sexes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sport Physiology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran;2. Department of Medical Sciences, Biological Nanoparticles in Medicine Research Center, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran;3. Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Damghan University, Semnan, Iran;4. Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran;1. Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;2. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;3. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;2. University Children’s Hospital, Tiršova 10, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;3. Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;4. Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;1. Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil;2. National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil;1. Applied and Environmental Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria;2. Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria;1. Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Genetic, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Genetic, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Hormozegan, Iran;4. Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Microbiology, East Branch of Payamnoor University, Tehran, Iran;6. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran;7. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;8. School of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran;9. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;10. Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India;11. Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;12. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical hysiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;13. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;14. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;15. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;p. Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundGarfish, (Belone belone) is a migratory pelagic fish that inhabits the waters of coastal Europe, North Africa, the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea. Little information about garfish has been disseminated mainly because of its low abundance and its brief occurrence in various water bodies. Data is lacking on mercury compounds, particularly dangerous the toxic organic form of methylmercury (MeHg), which endangers the health of fish and their consumers.MethodsThe research material was garfish caught off the southern Baltic Sea coast in Puck Bay during the spawning period. Total mercury (THg) content was assayed with the cold vapour atomic absorption method in an AMA 254 mercury analyser. The MeHg extraction procedure was based on three-step sequential extraction method: hydrolysis using of hydrochloric acid, extract by toluene, bind the MeHg by L-cysteine.ResultsThe concentrations of THg and MeHg was determined in the muscle of garfish. The highest concentrations of THg (0.210 mg kg-1) and MeHg (0154 mg kg-1) were detected in the longest specimens (80 cm). The THg and MeHg concentrations in garfish muscles increased with specimens length, weight and age, which was confirmed by positive correlations. Differences were also noted depending on sex. Males accumulated more THg and MeHg than did females. The mercury in garfish from the southern Baltic Sea occurred mainly in its organic form MeHg and accounted for 84.7% of the THg.ConclusionSignificant differences were noted in mercury concentrations depends on length, weight, age and sex. Concentration of MeHg in garfish must be done by length class, and fish sex when selecting this fish for contamination studies and risk assessment. The toxic MeHg in garfish tissues did not pose a threat to the health of consumers, as indicated by the low values of EDI, TWI and THQ indices. |
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| Keywords: | Mercury Methylmercury Garfish Baltic Sea Risk assessment |
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