Fungal microbiota isolated from native stingless bee species inhibited pathogens of Apis mellifera |
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| Institution: | 1. Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina;2. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, Jujuy, Argentina;3. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología “Dra. María Ebe Reca” (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina;4. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal;2. Aquitex, Rua Augusto Simões 1042, 4425-626, Pedrouços, Maia, Porto, Portugal;3. Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CITAR - Centro de Investigação em Ciência e Tecnologia das Artes, Escola das Artes, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal;1. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia;2. I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia;3. G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of RAS, Pushchino, 142290, Russia;1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India;2. Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India;1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy;2. INRAE, GAFL, F-84143, Montfavet, France;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana;2. School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana |
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| Abstract: | Social bees can establish interactions with microorganisms to keep their colonies free of pathogens and parasites by developing different protection strategies. We explored the fungal microbiota isolated from three species of stingless bees, Tetragonisca fiebrigi, Plebeias sp., and Scaptotrigona jujuyensis, and its potential ability to suppress pathogenic microorganisms of A. mellifera, namely Paenibacillus larvae, Ascosphaera apis and Aspergillus flavus, which were tested and evaluated. Six filamentous fungal strains, Trametes hirsuta, Alternaria alternata, Curvularia spicifera, Skeletocutis sp., Alternaria tenuissima, Monascus spp., as well as the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus, were selected for trials and isolated from the heads of foraging bees. The fungal strains were identified by macroscopic and microscopic taxonomic characteristics and by sequencing of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA. All fungal strains inhibited these pathogens of A. mellifera. We also evaluated the effect of the secondary metabolites extracted with and without ethanol. Both metabolites showed antimicrobial properties, and our results suggest that fungi isolated from stingless bees produce bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antifungal effects that could be used to treat Apis mellifera colony diseases and maintain colony health. |
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| Keywords: | Biocontrol Fungal Pathogens Antibacterial Antifungal |
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