Zinc supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2. Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;4. Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Iran;6. Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran;7. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;8. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;9. Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, Istanbul, Türkiye;2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, Istanbul, Türkiye;3. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Büyükçekmece, Istanbul, Türkiye;4. Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye;5. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Büyükçemece, Istanbul, Türkiye;6. Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye;1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China;2. Department of Emergency, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China;3. Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China;4. Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China;1. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Patología, Av. San Martín 5285, C1417DSM Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Salud Pública, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios de Epidemiología (CETE), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia;2. Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", Mihaila Avramovića 28, Belgrade, Serbia;3. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;4. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia;1. Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran;2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;3. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;4. Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd., Shiraz 7178795844, Iran;5. Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;6. Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA |
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| Abstract: | Background and objectiveA deficit in zinc has been related to a higher probability of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capabilities of zinc may have a wide range of therapeutic impacts on CVDs. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the possible impacts that zinc supplementation may have on the risk factors associated with CVDs.MethodsTo identify eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of zinc supplementation on CVDs risk factors, electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched up to January 2023. The heterogeneity of trials was checked using the I2 statistic. According to the heterogeneity tests, random effects models were estimated and pooled data were defined as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOf 23165 initial records, 75 studies that met inclusion criteria were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The pooled findings indicated the significant lowering effects of zinc supplementation on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glutathione (GSH), with no noticeable effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), aspartate transaminase (AST), and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT).ConclusionOverall, zinc supplementation may boost recognized coronary risk factors that contribute to the development of CVDs. Future research should be conducted to bolster our results. |
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| Keywords: | Zinc Cardiac function Metabolic disease Nutrition Nutritional supplements |
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