A nomogram model integrating LI-RADS features and radiomics based on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for predicting microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma falling the Milan criteria

PurposeTo establish and validate a nomogram model incorporating both liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) features and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI)-based radiomics for predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) falling the Milan criteria.MethodsIn total, 161 patients with 165 HCCs diagnosed with MVI (n = 99) or without MVI (n = 66) were assigned to a training and a test group. MRI LI-RADS characteristics and radiomics features selected by the LASSO algorithm were used to establish the MRI and Rad-score models, respectively, and the independent features were integrated to develop the nomogram model. The predictive ability of the nomogram was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe risk factors associated with MVI (P<0.05) were related to larger tumor size, nonsmooth margin, mosaic architecture, corona enhancement and higher Rad-score. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the MRI feature model for predicting MVI were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78–0.92) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74–0.95), and those for the Rad-score were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73–0.90) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67–0.93) in the training and test groups, respectively. The nomogram presented improved AUC values of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.94) in the training group and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81–0.98) in the test group (P<0.05) for predicting MVI. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram model had high goodness-of-fit and clinical benefits.ConclusionsThe nomogram model can effectively predict MVI in patients with HCC falling within the Milan criteria and serves as a valuable imaging biomarker for facilitating individualized decision-making.