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Social cognitive impairment and autism: what are we trying to explain?
Authors:Susan Leekam
Institution:Wales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
Abstract:Early psychological theories of autism explained the clinical features of this condition in terms of perceptual and sensory processing impairments. The arrival of domain-specific social cognitive theories changed this focus, postulating a ‘primary’ and specific psychological impairment of social cognition. Across the years, evidence has been growing in support of social cognitive and social attention explanations in autism. However, there has also been evidence for general non-social cognitive impairments in representational understanding, attention allocation and sensory processing. Here, I review recent findings and consider the case for the specificity and primacy of the social cognitive impairment, proposing that we should focus more explicitly on clinically valid features for insights on the integration of ‘social’ and ‘non-social’ cognition.
Keywords:autism  theory of mind  social attention  domain specificity  horizontal and vertical integration
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