甘肃麦积山风景区熊蜂物种多样性调查

熊蜂属昆虫是山区植物的重要传粉者,在保持生物多样性和维护生态系统平衡方面发挥着十分重要的作用。麦积山风景区位于甘肃东南部的西秦岭山区,地处北部温带黄土高原向南部亚热带河谷山地和西部高寒青藏高原过渡的地带,地理位置独特,生物资源丰富。为了探明该景区内熊蜂物种多样性现状,笔者于2007—2010连续4年对该景区的熊蜂属昆虫进行了系统调查。结果表明:2007—2010年,在该景区12个采样点共采集熊蜂属昆虫1 765头,隶属于7亚属20种;在12个采样点中,石门和净土寺的熊蜂种类丰富度最高;在20种熊蜂中,火红熊蜂Bombus pyrosoma、红光熊蜂B.ignitus、疏熊蜂B.remotus、小峰熊蜂B.hypocrita s.l.和重黄熊蜂B.picipes的物种多度较高,依次位居前5位;麦积山风景区熊蜂区系成分以东洋区+古北区共有种为主(55%),其中东洋区成分高于古北区成分;麦积山熊蜂区系成分和南部亚热带湿润气候区的白水江自然保护区以及西部高寒气候区的扎尕那自然保护区比较接近,和北部温带半干旱气候区的崆峒山风景区相距较远。

Species diversity of bumblebees in the Maijishan Scenic Area of Gansu Province

Bumblebees are important pollinators of mountain flowers, and as such, play a major role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. The Maijishan Scenic Area is located in southeastern Gansu in the Western Qinling Mountains; a transition zone between the northern temperate loess plateau, the southern subtropical mountains and the western high elevation, cold Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. To assess bumblebee diversity in the Maijishan Scenic Area we conducted a field survey between 2007 and 2010. During this survey, 1 765 specimens （20 species and 7 Bombus subgenera） , were collected from 12 sample sites in the Maijishan Scenic Area. Of these 12 sites, the highest species richness was found in Shimen and Jingtusi. Bombus pyrosoma, B. ignitus, B. remotus, B. hypocrita s. l. and B. picipes were the 5 most abundant species. The main regional component of the bumblebee fauna of the Maijishan Scenic Area was Oriental ＋ Palaearctic （55%） with the proportion of Oriental species higher than that of Palaearctic species. A similar pattern was found in the Baishuijiang nature reserve in the southern mountains, the Zhagana natural reserve in the western Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, but not at the Kongdongshan Scenic Area on the northern loess plateau.