Frequency dependence and competition

Intraspecific competition implies interaction among the individuals of a population, so natural selection on genotypic variation in characters related to the competition will necessarily be frequency dependent. Intraspecific antagonistic competition exhibits properties similar to other behavioural interactions between individuals. In exploitative intraspecific competition the interactions among individuals are less direct. Exploitation modifies the abundance of the various limiting resources according to the use of these resources by the individual members of the population. The amount of resource available to an individual is therefore a function of the phenotypes present in the population, through their density and frequency.