药剂包衣对苗期大豆蚜防治效果与安全性评价

【目的】大豆蚜Aphis glycines(Matsumura)是大豆上最重要的害虫之一。传统控制大豆蚜虫仍然以达到防治指标时大量喷洒化学药剂为主,危害人畜和环境安全。只有在大豆蚜发生初期进行有效防控,使其田间种群不能及时顺利的建立,从而实现无公害绿色防控。【方法】对筛选出的3种内吸式杀虫剂按不同浓度拌种包衣进行大田小区试验,调查分析包衣处理对大豆蚜、天敌以及大豆田其他害虫的影响和控制作用,同时对包衣处理后的大豆安全性、产量和品质进行评估。【结果】药剂拌种包衣处理能够显著压低苗期大豆蚜虫口基数,2014年对照区与处理区蚜量最高峰值比值最大达到448.15;同时对苗期大豆田间的双斑萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)有很好的控制作用,处理区与对照区的受害株率差异极显著;并且保护了自然天敌种群;药剂拌种包衣处理在显著增产的同时还有效提升了大豆品质;经权威检测,收获后的籽粒在检出限内无药剂残留。【结论】药剂拌种包衣处理能有效控制苗期大豆蚜,不杀伤天敌,安全、无毒、无残留,而且增产显著,是比较理想的轻简无公害防控手段。

A safer method of controlling soybean aphids

Objectives] The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) is one of the most important pests of soybean crops. The traditional method of controlling this pest is based on applying a large number of chemical pesticides to achieve the control index, which is harmful to humans, livestock and the environment. In order to achieve pollution-free, green control, control measures were only applied in the early stage, so that the aphid population could not establish efficiently and the amount of pesticide could be reduced. Methods] A field test of selected pesticides were conducted using different concentrations of seed coating and the effects of coating treatments on the control of soybean aphids, natural enemies, and other pests, in soybean fields were investigated, together with the nutrition and food-safety of soybeans. Results] Seed dressing can significantly reduce the initial population number of A. glycines; the maximum number of aphids on 100 control soybean plants was 448.15 times that on treated plants. Seed dressing was also effective in controlling Monolepta hieroglyphica (P<0.05) but was harmless to populations of natural enemies. The seed coating treatment significantly improved the yield and the quality of soybeans and pesticide residues were far below the MRL of the safety standard. Conclusion] Seed dressing can effectively control A. glycines without adverse effects on natural enemies. It can significantly increase soybean production, and could be a relatively non-polluting method of controlling aphids on soybean crops.