江苏地区三叶斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇的发生危害及种群动态

【目的】三叶斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii和美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae是一类危害蔬菜、花卉的世界性害虫,也是我国重要的外来入侵害虫。了解其发生危害特征,可为这两种斑潜蝇的防治提供科学依据。【方法】于2015年对江苏地区的两种斑潜蝇的发生分布、危害程度以及在扬州地区的发生动态进行了调查,采集含有潜道的叶片,待蛹羽化为成虫后鉴定斑潜蝇种类,同时统计叶片上的潜道数量划分危害等级。【结果】美洲斑潜蝇主要在苏北地区发生危害,三叶斑潜蝇主要在苏南、苏中地区发生危害;两种斑潜蝇在江苏地区的发生危害程度均未超过3级。在扬州地区的蔬菜上仅调查到三叶斑潜蝇的危害,其危害的寄主植物有6科、12种,主要包括茄科、豆科、葫芦科、十字花科的蔬菜。三叶斑潜蝇的发生危害从3月开始,11月结束,全年有3个发生危害高峰,其中在7月下旬至8月初的发生危害最重。【结论】两种斑潜蝇在江苏地区的种类分布呈现出明显的地理差异,同时扬州地区三叶斑潜蝇的虫口密度随寄主和时间不同呈现的明显,因此生产上需加强对斑潜蝇发生危害进行监测,并指导斑潜蝇防治。

Population dynamics of Liriomyza trifolii and Liriomyza sativae in Jiangsu

[Objectives] Liriomyza trifolii and Liriomyza sativae are important horticultural and vegetable pests worldwide, and important invasive pests in China. Investigation of the population dynamics and crop damage caused by these two leafminers in Jiangsu could provide a scientific basis for their control. [Methods] The occurrence, distribution, damage, and population dynamics, of L. trifolii and L. sativae were investigated in 2015 in Yangzhou. Leaves of different host plants containing live leafminers were brought back to the laboratory so that leafminer species could be identified after the adults emerged. Damage levels were categorized according to the number of the larvae on leaves. [Results] L. sativae and L. trifolii were the two main Liriomyza pests in Jiangsu, L. sativae is mainly found in northern regions of Jiangsu, while L. trifolii is distributed across central and southern areas. The level of damage of both species in Jiangsu did not exceed level 3. Furthermore, we only found evidence of L. trifolii crop damage in Yangzhou affecting host plants from six families and 12 species, including the Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae and Cruciferae. L. trifolii occurred from March to November and there were three peak periods of damage during the year. The most serious damage occurred from late July to early August. [Conclusion] There were obvious geographical differences in the distribution of L. sativae and L. trifolii in Jiangsu. Monitoring both the population dynamics and damage caused by leafminers is essential to the effective control of these pests.