温度对双委夜蛾种群生态学特征的影响

【目的】双委夜蛾Athetis dissimilis(Hampson)是新发现的一种农业害虫,为探索温度对双委夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】在室内l6,21,26,30,34(±1)℃,RH为70%±5%、光周期为14L︰10D条件下,测定了双委夜蛾各发育阶段的发育历期、存活率及成虫产卵量,组建了双委夜蛾的实验种群生命表。【结果】结果表明,双委夜蛾各虫态的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;世代发育起点温度(C)为9.88℃,有效积温(K)为906.53日·度;卵的孵化率在不同的温度下无显著差异;幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率则以21~30℃为最高;成虫的产卵量以21~26℃为最高,而在16℃和30℃时显著降低,在34℃下成虫不能交配,30℃成虫交配率仅为46%;生命表分析表明,26℃双委夜蛾的种群趋势指数和内禀增长率取得最大值,分别为98.5和0.1。【结论】21~26℃是最适宜双委夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的温度范围。

Effects of temperature on some ecological characteristics of a laboratory population of Athetis dissimilis (Hampson)

Objectives] To explore the effects of the temperature on the growth, development, and reproduction, of Athetis dissimilis (Hampson), a new and important agricultural pest in China. Methods] The developmental duration, survival rate and fecundity of A. dissimilis was measured under laboratory conditions of 16, 21, 26, 30 and 34 (±1)℃, RH 70%±5% and a photoperiod of 14L︰10D, and the resultant data used to construct life tables. Results] Developmental duration decreased as temperature increased from 16℃ to 34℃. The developmental threshold temperature was 9.88℃, and the effective accumulated temperature required for a whole generation was 906.53 degree-days. There was no significant difference in the hatching rate of eggs at different temperatures. The larval survival rate, pupation rate and emergence rate were highest at 21-30℃.The number of eggs laid per female was highest at 21-26℃, and decreased significantly at 16℃ and 30℃. Adults did not mate at 34℃, and the mating rate was only 46%at 30℃. Life table analysis showed that the index of population trend and the intrinsic rate of natural increase were higher at 26℃ than at any other temperature tested (98.5 and 0.1, respectively). Conclusion] The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase and index of population trend were observed at temperatures from 21℃ to 26℃, which suggests that this is the optimal temperature range for A. dissimilis.